An archive typically refers to the long-term storage of large amounts of historical data for future reference. The aim of an archive is essentially to organize and warehouse information so files can be retrieved easily. Archives are typically used to build a permanent record of documents, transactions, and correspondence that can be accessed on demand. Archived data may be deleted from a source system, so it’s not unusual for an archive to represent the only extant copy of a file.
An archive may be created to warehouse information from past transactions, inactive accounts, or workers who are no longer with the company. An archive is also useful when you’re looking to store metadata (such as tags, keywords, and formatting info) about a project for future reference.
A backup, however, is a digital copy of any information you cannot afford to lose. Designed primarily for short-term data retention, a backup allows you to quickly restore your original data in the event of a breach, hardware failure, or catastrophic data loss. Unlike an archive, its purpose isn’t to organize the data so it can be cherry-picked later, but rather to retain a complete working copy of your current data to ensure the uninterrupted operation of your business.
Backups are typically performed either on a scheduled basis or on the fly as data change. And backup includes not just the data, but also the operating system and applications—allowing restoration of the entire system in the event of a catastrophic loss. Backup also extends to the devices your workers use daily, including laptops, tablets, and smartphones. Additionally, virtualization has created a system in which VMDK files can preserve both structured (database, OS, etc.) and unstructured data (your files), which can greatly speed restoration of your system after a loss or breach.